Crystalline forms of cabazitaxel

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides crystalline forms, including an anhydrate form, of cabazitaxel and processes for the preparation of these forms, designated as Forms C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C8 b , C9 and C9 p.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/533,111, which was filed on Sep. 9, 2011, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/606,288, which was filed on Mar. 7, 2012. The entire content of these two provisional applications is incorporated herein by reference.

STATEMENT AS TO RIGHTS TO INVENTIONS MADE UNDER FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

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REFERENCE TO A “SEQUENCE LISTING,” A TABLE, OR A COMPUTER PROGRAM LISTING APPENDIX SUBMITTED ON A COMPACT DISK

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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Jevtana® is an injectable antineoplastic medicine whose active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), cabazitaxel, belongs to the taxane class, and is closely related in both chemical structure and mode of action to the anticancer drugs paclitaxel and docetaxel. Cabazitaxel is prepared by semi-synthesis from 10-deacetylbaccatin III (10-DAB) that is extracted from yew tree needles. The chemical name of cabazitaxel is (2α,5β,7β,10β,13α)-4-acetoxy-13-({(2R,3S)-3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoyl}oxy)-1-hydroxy-7,10-dimethoxy-9-oxo-5,20-epoxy-tax-11-en-2-yl benzoate, and the compound is marketed as a 1:1 acetone solvate (Compound A, below).

The acetone solvate of cabazitaxel is a white to off-white powder with a molecular formula of C₄₅H₅₇NO₁₄.C₃H₆O and a molecular weight of 894.01 grams per mole. The molecular weight of the solvent free form is 835.93 grams per mole.

Cabazitaxel is a dimethyl derivative (also called dimethoxy docetaxel) of docetaxel, which itself is semi-synthetic, and was originally developed by Rhone-Poulenc Rorer and was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Cabazitaxel is a microtubule inhibitor.

The acetone solvate crystalline form of cabazitaxel and a process for its preparation is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,241,907; the XRPD (X-ray powder diffraction) pattern for this solvate type is shown in FIG. 1 a.

Other crystalline forms of cabazitaxel, including anhydrous forms, hydrates, ethanolates, and ethanol/water heterosolvates, are claimed in WO 2009/115655. Certain non-ethanolic solvates have been suggested in WO 2009/115655 and U.S. 2011/0144362, but have not been chemically characterized.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect, the present invention provides a crystalline form of cabazitaxel selected from the group consisting of Form C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C8b and C9p. The novel forms have been chemically characterized by ¹H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy, XRPD, FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy (also abbreviated to IR spectroscopy), TGA (thermogravimetric analysis) and DSC (differential scanning calorimetry).

In a second aspect, the present invention provides preparations comprising one or more novel crystalline forms of cabazitaxel and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.

In a third aspect, the present invention provides processes for the preparation of the crystalline Form C9p of cabazitaxel. In some embodiments, the inventive process includes:

-   -   a) slowly cooling a solution comprising cabazitaxel, acetic         acid, and H₂O to form a mixture comprising a solid material;     -   b) filtering the mixture resulting from step a) and washing the         isolated solid; and     -   c) drying the isolated and washed solid resulting from step b)         under vacuum with a nitrogen gas purge.

In some embodiments, the inventive process for the preparation of the crystalline Form C9p of cabazitaxel includes:

a) subjecting cabazitaxel to acetic acid vapour; and

b) purging the resulting AcOH solvate with a stream of nitrogen gas.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows the XRPD pattern for a previously known 1:1 cabazitaxel:acetone solvate.

FIG. 2 a shows the XRPD pattern of cabazitaxel Form C1.

FIG. 2 b shows the IR spectrum of cabazitaxel Form C1.

FIG. 2 c shows the DSC trace of cabazitaxel Form C1.

FIG. 2 d shows the TGA trace of cabazitaxel Form C1.

FIG. 2 e shows the ¹H NMR spectrum of cabazitaxel Form C1.

FIGS. 3 a to 10 a show XRPD patterns of cabazitaxel Forms C2 to C9.

FIGS. 3 b to 10 b show IR spectra of cabazitaxel Forms C2 to C9.

FIGS. 3 c to 10 c show DSC/TGA traces of cabazitaxel Forms C2 to C9.

FIGS. 3 d to 10 d show ¹H NMR spectra of cabazitaxel Forms C2 to C9.

FIGS. 11 a and 12 a show XRPD patterns of cabazitaxel Forms C8b and C9p.

FIGS. 11 b and 12 b show IR spectra of cabazitaxel Forms C8b and C9p.

FIGS. 11 c and 12 c show DSC traces of cabazitaxel Forms C8b and C9p.

FIGS. 11 d and 12 d show TGA traces of cabazitaxel Forms C8b and C9p.

FIGS. 11 e and 12 e show ¹H NMR spectra of cabazitaxel Forms C8b and C9p.

FIG. 13 shows the weight change of cabazitaxel Form C9p during drying.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides novel crystalline forms of cabazitaxel. The crystalline forms can be produced by the methods described herein and are substantially free of other crystalline forms. The term “substantially free” refers to an amount of 10% or less of another form, preferably 8%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, or less of another form.

In one aspect, the present invention provides a crystalline form of (2α,5β,7β,10β,13α)-4-acetoxy-13-({(2R,3S)-3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoyl}oxy)-1-hydroxy-7,10-dimethoxy-9-oxo-5,20-epoxy-tax-11-en-2-yl benzoate.

The crystalline compound of the present invention can be characterized by a number of techniques including X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and crystallography.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides the crystalline form of the compound characterized by an XRPD pattern substantially in accordance with that of FIG. 2 a, 3 a, 4 a, 5 a, 6 a, 7 a, 8 a, 9 a, 10 a, 11 a, or 12 a.

In other embodiments, the crystalline form of the compound is Form C1, characterized by an XRPD pattern that includes one or more peaks at 7.83, 8.91, 9.33, 10.21, 12.55, 12.85, 13.32, 13.56, 14.37, 14.7, 15.17, 15.6, 15.98, 16.54, 17.0, 17.25, 17.69, 18.28, 18.72, 19.42, 19.74, 20.0, 20.46, 21.06, 21.37, 21.74, 21.94, 22.17, 23.09, 23.49, 23.71, 23.97, 24.27, 24.78, 25.12, 25.82, 26.27, 26.91, 27.49, 27.74, 28.32, and 28.78 degrees 2θ (±0.1 degrees 2θ (also referred to as 2-Theta)), wherein said XRPD pattern is made using CuK_(α1) radiation. In another embodiment, the crystalline form of the compound is characterized by an XRPD pattern that includes two or more, three or more, four or more, or five or more peaks at 7.83, 8.91, 9.33, 10.21, 12.55, 12.85, 13.32, 13.56, 14.37, 14.7, 15.17, 15.6, 15.98, 16.54, 17.0, 17.25, 17.69, 18.28, 18.72, 19.42, 19.74, 20.0, 20.46, 21.06, 21.37, 21.74, 21.94, 22.17, 23.09, 23.49, 23.71, 23.97, 24.27, 24.78, 25.12, 25.82, 26.27, 26.91, 27.49, 27.74, 28.32, and 28.78 degrees 2θ (±0.1 degrees 2θ). In some other embodiments, the crystalline form of the compound is characterized by an XRPD pattern that includes peaks (in degrees 2θ (±0.1 degrees 2θ)) as provided in FIG. 2 a with intensities greater than 50 cps (counts per second). In other embodiments, the crystalline form of the compound is characterized by an XRPD pattern substantially in accordance with FIG. 2 a.

Crystalline Form C1 is an anhydrous isopropanol solvate of cabazitaxel, as evidenced by Karl Fischer (KF) titration data and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The IPA content of Form 1 was calculated by integrating a representative peak (—CH, δ4.01 ppm) in the ¹H NMR spectrum, indicating a cabazitaxel:IPA molar ratio of 1:0.9 (FIG. 2 e). Form C1 contains approximately 0.1% water by weight as determined by KF titration. The thermal analysis of Form C1 was conducted by TGA and DSC. The DSC endotherm for Form C1 exhibits a broad endothermic transition with a maximum temperature at about 176° C. (FIG. 2 c). This transition is attributed to desolvation and melting of the sample at temperatures over a range from about 158° C. to about 178.5° C. TGA and hot stage microscopy (HSM) reflect the thermal behavior observed by DSC analysis. TGA, for example, shows a 6.7% weight loss at 125° C.-200° C., followed by a sharp weight loss upon decomposition at about 220° C. (FIG. 2 d).

In other embodiments, the crystalline form of the compound is Form C2, characterized by an XRPD pattern that includes one or more peaks at 7.89, 8.59, 10.1, 12.6, 12.84, 13.29, 13.77, 14.03, 14.93, 15.81, 16.67, 16.99, 17.37, 17.97, 18.85, 19.42, 20.08, 20.38, 20.8, 21.49, 21.96, 22.45, 22.76, 23.13, 23.93, 24.45, 24.84, 25.33, 26.01, 26.67, 27.09, 27.72, 28.2, 28.53, 29.33, 30.33, 30.81, 31.66, 32.08, 32.7, 33.27 and 34.03 degrees 2θ (±0.1 degrees 2θ), wherein said XRPD pattern is made using CuK_(α1) radiation. In some embodiments, the crystalline form of the compound is characterized by an XRPD pattern that includes two or more, three or more, four or more, or five or more peaks at 7.89, 8.59, 10.1, 12.6, 12.84, 13.29, 13.77, 14.03, 14.93, 15.81, 16.67, 16.99, 17.37, 17.97, 18.85, 19.42, 20.08, 20.38, 20.8, 21.49, 21.96, 22.45, 22.76, 23.13, 23.93, 24.45, 24.84, 25.33, 26.01, 26.67, 27.09, 27.72, 28.2, 28.53, 29.33, 30.33, 30.81, 31.66, 32.08, 32.7, 33.27 and 34.03 degrees 2θ (±0.1 degrees 2θ). In some embodiments, the crystalline form of the compound is characterized by an XRPD pattern that includes peaks (in degrees 2θ (±0.1 degrees 2θ)) as provided in FIG. 3 a with intensities greater than 40 cps. In other embodiments, the crystalline form of the compound is characterized by an XRPD pattern substantially in accordance with FIG. 3 a.

Crystalline Form C2 is also characterized by an IR spectrum substantially in accordance with FIG. 3 b, DSC/TGA traces substantially in accordance with FIG. 3 c, or a ¹H NMR spectrum substantially in accordance with FIG. 3 d.

In other embodiments, the crystalline form of the compound is Form C3, characterized by an XRPD pattern that includes one or more peaks at 7.8, 8.86, 10.16, 11.1, 12.62, 13.43, 14.41, 14.96, 15.28, 15.74, 16.45, 16.99, 17.66, 18.1, 18.52, 19.0, 19.68, 20.4, 21.07, 21.64, 21.9, 22.32, 22.84, 23.49, 23.98, 24.5, 25.07, 25.41, 25.69, 26.2, 26.69, 27.08, 27.53, 28.14, 29.49, 30.4, 30.86, 31.38, 31.96, 33.97, 34.34 and 35.32 degrees 2θ (±0.1 degrees 2θ), wherein said XRPD pattern is made using CuK_(α1) radiation. In some embodiments, crystalline Form C3 is characterized by an XRPD pattern that includes two or more, three or more, four or more, or five or more peaks at 7.8, 8.86, 10.16, 11.1, 12.62, 13.43, 14.41, 14.96, 15.28, 15.74, 16.45, 16.99, 17.66, 18.1, 18.52, 19.0, 19.68, 20.4, 21.07, 21.64, 21.9, 22.32, 22.84, 23.49, 23.98, 24.5, 25.07, 25.41, 25.69, 26.2, 26.69, 27.08, 27.53, 28.14, 29.49, 30.4, 30.86, 31.38, 31.96, 33.97, 34.34 and 35.32 degrees 2θ (±0.1 degrees 2θ). In some embodiments, the crystalline Form C3 is characterized by an XRPD pattern that includes peaks (in degrees 2θ (±0.1 degrees 2θ)) as provided in FIG. 4 a with intensities greater than 30 cps. In some embodiments, the crystalline Form C3 is characterized by an XRPD pattern substantially in accordance with FIG. 4 a.

Crystalline Form C3 of the present invention is also characterized by an IR spectrum substantially in accordance with FIG. 4 b, DSC/TGA traces substantially in accordance with FIG. 4 c, or a ¹H NMR spectrum substantially in accordance with FIG. 4 d.

In other embodiments, the crystalline form of the compound is Form C4, characterized by an XRPD diffraction pattern that includes one or more peaks at 8.5, 9.02, 9.94, 12.53, 13.12, 14.03, 14.93, 15.87, 16.81, 17.29, 17.79, 18.74, 19.62, 20.21, 20.65, 21.55, 22.03, 22.5, 23.3, 23.85, 24.36, 25.23, 25.91, 26.44, 26.86, 27.4, 27.82, 28.29, 28.87, 30.09, 31.0, 32.37, 33.06, 34.24, 34.99, 36.21, 36.52, 37.26, 37.92, 38.35 and 39.2 degrees 2θ (±0.1 degrees 2θ), wherein said XRPD pattern is made using CuK_(α1) radiation. In some embodiments, the crystalline Form C4 is characterized by an XRPD pattern that includes two or more, three or more, four or more, or five or more peaks at 8.5, 9.02, 9.94, 12.53, 13.12, 14.03, 14.93, 15.87, 16.81, 17.29, 17.79, 18.74, 19.62, 20.21, 20.65, 21.55, 22.03, 22.5, 23.3, 23.85, 24.36, 25.23, 25.91, 26.44, 26.86, 27.4, 27.82, 28.29, 28.87, 30.09, 31.0, 32.37, 33.06, 34.24, 34.99, 36.21, 36.52, 37.26, 37.92, 38.35 and 39.2 degrees 2θ (±0.1 degrees 2θ). In some embodiments, the Form C4 is characterized by an XRPD pattern that includes peaks (in degrees 2θ (±0.1 degrees 2θ)) as provided in FIG. 5 a with intensities greater than 30 cps. In some embodiments, the crystalline Form C4 is characterized by an XRPD pattern substantially in accordance with FIG. 5 a.

Crystalline Form C4 of the present invention is also characterized by an IR spectrum substantially in accordance with FIG. 5 b, DSC/TGA traces substantially in accordance with FIG. 5 c, or a ¹H NMR spectrum substantially in accordance with FIG. 5 d.

In other embodiments, the crystalline form of the compound is Form C5, characterized by an XRPD pattern that includes one or more peaks at 7.83, 8.78, 10.12, 11.11, 12.59, 12.83, 13.48, 14.29, 14.94, 15.19, 15.74, 16.53, 16.99, 17.58, 18.1, 18.39, 18.75, 19.1, 19.78, 20.36, 20.98, 21.7, 22.12, 22.46, 22.88, 23.26, 23.73, 23.99, 24.25, 24.92, 25.33, 25.85, 26.18, 26.7, 27.14, 27.73, 28.3, 28.59, 28.86, 29.49, 30.5 and 30.79 degrees 2θ (±0.1 degrees 2θ), wherein said XRPD pattern is made using CuK_(α1) radiation. In some embodiments, the crystalline Form C5 is characterized by an XRPD pattern that includes two or more, three or more, four or more, or five or more peaks at 7.83, 8.78, 10.12, 11.11, 12.59, 12.83, 13.48, 14.29, 14.94, 15.19, 15.74, 16.53, 16.99, 17.58, 18.1, 18.39, 18.75, 19.1, 19.78, 20.36, 20.98, 21.7, 22.12, 22.46, 22.88, 23.26, 23.73, 23.99, 24.25, 24.92, 25.33, 25.85, 26.18, 26.7, 27.14, 27.73, 28.3, 28.59, 28.86, 29.49, 30.5 and 30.79 degrees 2θ (±0.1 degrees 2θ). In some embodiments, the Form C5 is characterized by an XRPD pattern that includes peaks (in degrees 2θ (±0.1 degrees 2θ)) as provided in FIG. 6 a with intensities greater than 40 cps. In other embodiments, crystalline Form C5 is characterized by an XRPD pattern substantially in accordance with FIG. 6 a.

Crystalline Form C5 of the present invention is also characterized by an IR spectrum substantially in accordance with FIG. 6 b, DSC/TGA traces substantially in accordance with FIG. 6 c, or a ¹H NMR spectrum substantially in accordance with FIG. 6 d.

In other embodiments, the crystalline form of the compound is Form C6, characterized by an XRPD pattern that includes one or more peaks at 7.77, 8.81, 10.13, 12.55, 12.78, 13.37, 14.26, 14.78, 15.14, 15.6, 16.43, 16.97, 17.57, 18.09, 18.42, 18.81, 19.52, 20.38, 20.96, 21.46, 21.91, 22.23, 22.82, 23.42, 23.94, 24.91, 25.31, 25.68, 25.95, 26.45, 26.69, 27.04, 27.42, 27.97, 28.19, 28.59, 29.36, 30.27, 30.82, 31.33, 31.68 and 32.75 degrees 2θ (±0.1 degrees 2θ), wherein said XRPD pattern is made using CuK_(α1) radiation. In some embodiments, crystalline Form C6 is characterized by an XRPD pattern that includes two or more, three or more, four or more, or five or more peaks at 7.77, 8.81, 10.13, 12.55, 12.78, 13.37, 14.26, 14.78, 15.14, 15.6, 16.43, 16.97, 17.57, 18.09, 18.42, 18.81, 19.52, 20.38, 20.96, 21.46, 21.91, 22.23, 22.82, 23.42, 23.94, 24.91, 25.31, 25.68, 25.95, 26.45, 26.69, 27.04, 27.42, 27.97, 28.19, 28.59, 29.36, 30.27, 30.82, 31.33, 31.68 and 32.75 degrees 2θ (±0.1 degrees 2θ). In some embodiments, Form C6 is characterized by an XRPD pattern that includes peaks (in degrees 2θ (±0.1 degrees 2θ)) as provided in FIG. 7 a with intensities greater than 40 cps. In other embodiments, the crystalline Form C6 is characterized by an XRPD pattern substantially in accordance with FIG. 7 a.

Crystalline Form C6 of the present invention is also characterized by an IR spectrum substantially in accordance with FIG. 7 b, DSC/TGA traces substantially in accordance with FIG. 7 c, or a ¹H NMR spectrum substantially in accordance with FIG. 7 d.

In other embodiments, the crystalline form of the compound is Form C7, characterized by an XRPD pattern that includes one or more peaks at 7.75, 8.57, 10.08, 11.03, 12.51, 12.8, 13.39, 14.01, 14.78, 15.58, 16.4, 16.93, 17.37, 17.9, 18.62, 19.0, 19.67, 20.31, 20.75, 21.55, 22.04, 22.64, 23.51, 23.97, 24.4, 25.19, 25.78, 26.05, 26.61, 26.98, 27.61, 28.09, 28.47, 29.26, 29.58, 30.25, 30.76, 31.4, 32.01, 32.36, 33.27 and 33.64 degrees 2θ (±0.1 degrees 2θ), wherein said XRPD pattern is made using CuK_(α1) radiation. In another embodiments, crystalline Form C7 is characterized by an XRPD pattern that includes two or more, three or more, four or more, or five or more peaks at 7.75, 8.57, 10.08, 11.03, 12.51, 12.8, 13.39, 14.01, 14.78, 15.58, 16.4, 16.93, 17.37, 17.9, 18.62, 19.0, 19.67, 20.31, 20.75, 21.55, 22.04, 22.64, 23.51, 23.97, 24.4, 25.19, 25.78, 26.05, 26.61, 26.98, 27.61, 28.09, 28.47, 29.26, 29.58, 30.25, 30.76, 31.4, 32.01, 32.36, 33.27 and 33.64 degrees 2θ (±0.1 degrees 2θ). In some embodiments, crystalline Form C7 is characterized by an XRPD pattern that includes peaks (in degrees 2θ (±0.1 degrees 2θ)) as provided in FIG. 8 a with intensities greater than 40 cps. In other embodiments, crystalline Form C67 is characterized by the XRPD peaks substantially in accordance with FIG. 8 a.

Crystalline Form C7 of the present invention is also characterized by an IR spectrum substantially in accordance with FIG. 8 b, DSC/TGA traces substantially in accordance with FIG. 8 c, or a ¹H NMR spectrum substantially in accordance with FIG. 8 d.

In other embodiments, the crystalline form of the compound is Form C8, characterized by an XRPD pattern that includes one or more peaks at 7.92, 8.84, 9.4, 10.09, 12.54, 12.84, 13.47, 14.29, 14.9, 15.13, 15.75, 15.91, 16.16, 16.72, 16.91, 17.13, 17.56, 18.02, 18.2, 18.44, 18.93, 19.15, 19.8, 20.28, 20.9, 21.12, 21.68, 22.24, 22.46, 23.12, 23.41, 23.95, 24.52, 24.9, 25.27, 25.69, 26.09, 26.31, 26.76, 27.34, 28.0 and 28.32 degrees 2θ (±0.1 degrees 2θ), wherein said XRPD pattern is made using CuK_(α1) radiation. In some embodiments, crystalline Form C8 is characterized by an XRPD pattern that includes two or more, three or more, four or more, or five or more peaks at 7.92, 8.84, 9.4, 10.09, 12.54, 12.84, 13.47, 14.29, 14.9, 15.13, 15.75, 15.91, 16.16, 16.72, 16.91, 17.13, 17.56, 18.02, 18.2, 18.44, 18.93, 19.15, 19.8, 20.28, 20.9, 21.12, 21.68, 22.24, 22.46, 23.12, 23.41, 23.95, 24.52, 24.9, 25.27, 25.69, 26.09, 26.31, 26.76, 27.34, 28.0 and 28.32 degrees 2θ (±0.1 degrees 2θ). In some embodiments, crystalline Form C8 is characterized by an XRPD pattern that includes peaks (in degrees 2θ (±0.1 degrees 2θ)) as provided in FIG. 9 a with intensities greater than 40 cps. In some embodiments, the crystalline Form C8 is characterized by an XRPD pattern substantially in accordance with FIG. 9 a.

Crystalline Form C8 of the present invention is also characterized by an IR spectrum substantially in accordance with FIG. 9 b, DSC/TGA traces substantially in accordance with FIG. 9 c, or a ¹H NMR spectrum substantially in accordance with FIG. 9 d.

In other embodiments, crystalline Form C8b is formed by recrystallization from an aqueous DMSO solution. The XRPD pattern of Form C8b is shown in FIG. 11 a which is distinct from the XRPD pattern of Form C8. In some embodiments, the crystalline form of cabazitaxel is Form C8b, characterized by an XRPD pattern that includes one or more peaks at 7.19, 7.63, 8.16, 9.22, 10.14, 10.73, 11.66, 12.12, 12.78, 13.58, 14.00, 14.59, 15.14, 15.86, 16.40, 17.22, 17.54, 18.14, 18.94, 19.95, 20.45, 21.00, 21.24, 21.65, 22.13, 22.45, 23.17, 23.56, 23.90, 24.55, 25.25, 25.74, 26.74, 27.61, 28.49, 29.09, 29.74, 30.3, 31.00, 32.11, 32.63 and 33.14 degrees 2θ (±0.1 degrees 2θ), wherein said XRPD pattern is made using CuK_(α1) radiation. In some embodiments, crystalline Form C8b is characterized by an XRPD pattern that includes two or more, three or more, four or more, or five or more peaks at 7.19, 7.63, 8.16, 9.22, 10.14, 10.73, 11.66, 12.12, 12.78, 13.58, 14.00, 14.59, 15.14, 15.86, 16.40, 17.22, 17.54, 18.14, 18.94, 19.95, 20.45, 21.00, 21.24, 21.65, 22.13, 22.45, 23.17, 23.56, 23.90, 24.55, 25.25, 25.74, 26.74, 27.61, 28.49, 29.09, 29.74, 30.3, 31.00, 32.11, 32.63 and 33.14 degrees 2θ (±0.1 degrees 2θ). In some embodiments, Form C8b is characterized by an XRPD pattern that includes peaks (in degrees 2θ (±0.1 degrees 2θ)) as provided in FIG. 11 a with intensities greater than 30 cps. In some embodiments, crystalline Form C8b is characterized by an XRPD pattern substantially in accordance with FIG. 11 a.

The differences between the XRPD patterns for Forms C8 and C8b indicate that the two crystalline forms are different, which is confirmed by the differences in the DSC and TGA data for the two forms. The DSC trace for Form C8b exhibits an endothermic transition with a maximum temperature at 66° C., corresponding to dehydration and desolvation, and an endothermic transition with a maximum temperature at 140° C., corresponding to sample melting (FIG. 11 c). TGA and hot stage microscopy of crystalline Form C8b confirm the thermal behavior observed by DSC. The TGA trace, for example, shows a 7.4% weight loss at 30° C.-160° C. followed by a sharp weight loss upon decomposition at about 220° C. (FIG. 11 d).

Form C8b is a monohydrate DMSO solvate, as shown by ¹H NMR spectroscopy and KF titration. The DMSO content of Form C8b is calculated by integrating a representative DMSO peak (—S—CH₃, δ2.61 ppm) in the ¹H NMR spectrum, indicating a cabazitaxel:DMSO molar ratio of 1:0.7-0.9 (FIG. 11 e).

In other embodiments, the crystalline form of cabazitaxel is Form C9, characterized by an XRPD pattern that includes one or more peaks at 8.2, 8.76, 9.33, 10.25, 10.99, 11.73, 12.24, 12.92, 14.04, 14.72, 15.33, 15.92, 16.46, 17.69, 18.42, 19.31, 19.79, 20.5, 21.42, 22.18, 22.54, 23.34, 23.69, 24.02, 24.73, 25.47, 25.78, 26.69, 27.44, 27.98, 28.62, 29.38, 29.76, 30.16, 30.44, 31.29, 32.02, 32.73, 33.78, 34.37, 34.98 and 36.01 degrees 2θ (±0.1 degrees 2θ), wherein said XRPD pattern is made using CuK_(α1) radiation. In some embodiments, crystalline Form C9 is characterized by an XRPD pattern that includes two or more, three or more, four or more, or five or more peaks at 8.2, 8.76, 9.33, 10.25, 10.99, 11.73, 12.24, 12.92, 14.04, 14.72, 15.33, 15.92, 16.46, 17.69, 18.42, 19.31, 19.79, 20.5, 21.42, 22.18, 22.54, 23.34, 23.69, 24.02, 24.73, 25.47, 25.78, 26.69, 27.44, 27.98, 28.62, 29.38, 29.76, 30.16, 30.44, 31.29, 32.02, 32.73, 33.78, 34.37, 34.98 and 36.01 degrees 2θ (±0.1 degrees 2θ). In some embodiments, Form C9 is characterized by an XRPD pattern that includes peaks (in degrees 2θ (±0.1 degrees 2θ)) as provided in FIG. 10 a with intensities greater than 30 cps. In some embodiments, crystalline Form C9 is characterized by an XRPD pattern substantially in accordance with FIG. 10 a.

Crystalline Form C9 of the present invention is also characterized by an infrared spectrum substantially in accordance with FIG. 10 b, DSC/TGA traces substantially in accordance with FIG. 10 c, or a ¹H NMR spectrum substantially in accordance with FIG. 10 d.

XRPD analysis confirmed that Form C9 is crystalline. Form C9 shows a 5% weight loss at 170° C. by TGA analysis, while an endothermic transition at 157° C. in the DSC trace corresponds to a melting point between 153 and 159° C. (FIG. 10 c). Decomposition occurs at about 220° C., as indicated by the large weight loss observed by TGA around this temperature. Dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) analysis shows a non-perfectly reversible weight loss and gain upon changing humidity (over 2 cycles tested), consistent with loss of AcOH upon dehumidification. This was confirmed by ¹H NMR spectroscopy after DVS analysis. KF titration of Form C9 indicated the presence of about 2.3% water.

In other embodiments, the crystalline form of the compound is Form C9p. The inventors discovered that Form C9 is, in fact, a mixture of a crystalline form and a novel acetic acid solvate. Form C9p, the acetic acid solvate, has now been prepared in pure form, substantially free of Form C9. The XRPD pattern of Form C9p is shown in FIG. 12 a. The XRPD pattern of Form C9p is clearly different from that of Form C9.

In some embodiments, the crystalline Form C9p is characterized by an XRPD pattern that includes one or more peaks at 7.24, 8.16, 8.69, 9.25, 10.21, 10.74, 11.73, 12.22, 12.87, 13.66, 14.12, 14.70, 15.25, 15.88, 16.34, 17.40, 17.72, 18.29, 19.10, 19.69, 20.07, 20.47, 21.04, 21.42, 21.71, 22.16, 22.53, 22.86, 23.40, 23.69, 23.91, 24.71, 25.37, 25.75, 26.68, 27.01, 27.57, 28.31, 28.67, 28.85, 29.32, 29.71, 30.43, 31.27, 32.19, 32.72, 33.42, 33.73, 34.25, 35.06, 36.02, 36.52, 37.48, 38.04, 38.77 and 39.48 degrees 2θ (±0.1 degrees 2θ), wherein said XRPD pattern is made using CuK_(α1) radiation. In some embodiments, the crystalline Form C9p is characterized by an XRPD pattern that includes two or more, three or more, four or more, or five or more peaks at 7.24, 8.16, 8.69, 9.25, 10.21, 10.74, 11.73, 12.22, 12.87, 13.66, 14.12, 14.70, 15.25, 15.88, 16.34, 17.40, 17.72, 18.29, 19.10, 19.69, 20.07, 20.47, 21.04, 21.42, 21.71, 22.16, 22.53, 22.86, 23.40, 23.69, 23.91, 24.71, 25.37, 25.75, 26.68, 27.01, 27.57, 28.31, 28.67, 28.85, 29.32, 29.71, 30.43, 31.27, 32.19, 32.72, 33.42, 33.73, 34.25, 35.06, 36.02, 36.52, 37.48, 38.04, 38.77 and 39.48 degrees 2θ (±0.1 degrees 2θ). In some embodiments, Form C9p is characterized by an XRPD pattern that includes peaks (in degrees 2θ (±0.1 degrees 2θ)) as provided in FIG. 12 a with intensities greater than 30 cps. In some embodiments, crystalline Form. C9p is characterized by an XRPD pattern substantially in accordance with FIG. 12 a.

The crystalline Form C9p of the present invention is also characterized by an IR spectrum substantially in accordance with FIG. 12 b, DSC and TGA traces substantially in accordance with FIG. 12 c and FIG. 12 d, respectively, or a ¹H NMR spectrum substantially in accordance with FIG. 12 e.

The crystalline compound of Form C9p is a monohydrate acetic acid solvate, as shown by ¹H NMR spectroscopy and KF titration. The acetic acid content was calculated by integrating a representative peak (—CH₃, δ2.11 ppm) in the ¹H NMR spectrum (FIG. 12 e), indicating a cabazitaxel:AcOH molar ratio of about 1:1-0.9. The water content of Form C9p, as determined by KF titration, is about 2% by weight. The thermal analysis of Form C9p was conducted using TGA and DSC. The DSC trace shows that Form C9p exhibits two endothermic transitions with maximum temperatures at 77° C. and 147° C. (FIG. 12 c). Dehydration and desolvation occurs before 150° C. prior to melting at 150° C.-165° C. TGA and HSM reflected the thermal behavior observed in DSC analysis. The TGA trace, for example, shows about 8.0% weight loss at 30° C.-160° C., followed by a sharp weight loss upon decomposition at about 220° C. (FIG. 12 d).

In a related aspect, the present invention provides a process for preparing crystalline Form C9p of cabazitaxel including:

-   -   a) slowly cooling a solution comprising cabazitaxel, acetic         acid, and H₂O to form a mixture comprising a solid material;     -   b) filtering the mixture resulting from step a) and washing the         isolated solid (also known as a filter cake); and     -   c) drying the isolated and washed solid resulting from step b)         under vacuum with a nitrogen gas purge until the weight of the         solid becomes constant.

The solution of step a) is cooled to a temperature such that a substantial amount of the crystalline form crystallizes from the solution with acceptable purity. In some embodiments, the solution of step a) may be cooled from any temperature at or above 50° C. to any temperature at or below 40° C. The solution can be cooled, for example, from a temperature at or above 50° C. to a temperature from 0° C. to 40° C., or from 5° C. to 30° C., or from 20° C. to 25° C. In some embodiments, the solution of step a) may be cooled from any temperature at or above 20° C. to any temperature at or below 10° C. The solution can be cooled, for example, from a temperature from 20° C. to 25° C. to a temperature from −80° C. to 10° C., or from 0° C. to 10° C., or from 0° C. to 5° C. In some embodiments, washing in step b) is conducted using water. Drying in step c) is controlled so as to avoid partial or complete desolvation of the solvate, which can occur when the drying time is too long, the temperature is too high, or the pressure is too low. In some embodiments, the drying step is conducted until the molar ratio of cabazitaxel and AcOH is about 1:1. The drying step can be controlled in several ways including: i) by monitoring the weight of the solids being dried and terminating the drying when the weight change becomes small or the weight becomes constant; and/or ii) by monitoring the AcOH level of the solid being dried and terminating the drying when the molar ratio of AcOH to cabazitaxel is about 1 to 1. The level of AcOH in the solids being dried can be determined using analytical techniques known to one skilled in the art, including gas chromatography (GC) and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. FIG. 13 shows the weight change of cabazitaxel Form C9p during the drying of the solvate crystallised from aqueous AcOH as described in Example 13 below. In some embodiments, the drying in step c) is conducted at 60-200 torr. In some embodiments, the drying in step c) is conducted at 60-200 torr and 20-25° C. In some embodiments, the drying in step c) is conducted at 60-200 torr at ambient temperature, at about 22° C. The pressure is moderated with a nitrogen gas purge.

In another aspect, the invention provides a process for preparing crystalline Form C9p of cabazitaxel including:

-   -   a) contacting solid cabazitaxel with acetic acid vapor under         conditions sufficient to form an acetic acid solvate; and     -   b) purging the resulting acetic acid solvate with a stream of         nitrogen gas.

The solid cabazitaxel used in the process can be an anhydrous crystalline form or a solvate (such as an EtOAc solvate, for example). The contacting step a) can be achieved by placing cabazitaxel in a sintered glass Buchner funnel and passing a stream of acetic acid vapor through the narrow end of the Buchner funnel such that it passes through the cabazitaxel. This step can be conducted at ambient temperature. In some embodiments, contacting cabazitaxel with acetic acid vapor involves flowing the vapor in an atmosphere of nitrogen gas. The acetic acid vapor can be produced by passing a stream of nitrogen gas through a reservoir of acetic acid at ambient temperature. The level of acetic acid vapour in the nitrogen stream can be adjusted by changing the temperature of the reservoir of acetic acid and/or changing the flow rate of the nitrogen gas stream. The solid can then be purged with nitrogen gas to remove excess acetic acid that is not associated with the cabazitaxel solvate. The acetic acid content of the solvate can optionally be monitored during the nitrogen purging step to ensure that the molar ratio of cabazitaxel to acetic acid is about 1:1. The level of acetic acid in the solid material being purged with nitrogen can be determined using analytical techniques known to one skilled in the art, including GC and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The process yields solvate Form C9p as a monohydrate because it is exposed to the atmosphere during the contacting and purging steps.

Table 1 below outlines the conditions used for preparation of crystalline Forms C1-C9p and Table 2 shows the positions of XPRD peaks for the novel forms.

TABLE 1 Crystalline forms of cabazitaxel Form Recrystallisation solvent Residual solvent¹ C1 DCM/IPA or IPA/H₂O or IPA slurry IPA C2 EtOAc/n-heptane or EtOAc slurry EtOAc C3 THF/n-heptane THF C4 THF/PhMe or PhMe slurry PhMe C5 Methyl ethyl ketone/n-heptane MEK C6 Diethyl ketone/n-heptane DEK C7 Diethyl carbonate/n-heptane Diethyl carbonate C8 DMSO/H₂O DMSO  C8b DMSO/H₂O DMSO C9 AcOH/H₂O AcOH  C9p AcOH/H₂O AcOH ¹Solvent key: DCM = dichloromethane; IPA = isopropanol (2-propanol; propan-2-ol); THF = tetrahydrofuran; PhMe = toluene; MEK = methyl ethyl ketone (EtCOMe); DEK = diethyl ketone (Et₂CO); EtOAc = ethyl acetate; DMSO = dimethyl sulfoxide; AcOH = acetic acid

TABLE 2 XRPD pattern data of crystalline forms of cabazitaxel Form Degrees 2θ (+/−0.1 Degrees 2θ) C1 7.83 8.91 9.33 10.21 12.55 12.85 13.32 13.56 14.37 14.7 15.17 15.6 15.98 16.54 17 17.25 17.69 18.28 18.72 19.42 19.74 20 20.46 21.06 21.37 21.74 21.94 22.17 23.09 23.49 23.71 23.97 24.27 24.78 25.12 25.82 26.27 26.91 27.49 27.74 28.32 28.78 C2 7.89 8.59 10.1 12.6 12.84 13.29 13.77 14.03 14.93 15.81 16.67 16.99 17.37 17.97 18.85 19.42 20.08 20.38 20.8 21.49 21.96 22.45 22.76 23.13 23.93 24.45 24.84 25.33 26.01 26.67 27.09 27.72 28.2 28.53 29.33 30.33 30.81 31.66 32.08 32.7 33.27 34.03 C3 7.8 8.86 10.16 11.1 12.62 13.43 14.41 14.96 15.28 15.74 16.45 16.99 17.66 18.1 18.52 19 19.68 20.4 21.07 21.64 21.9 22.32 22.84 23.49 23.98 24.5 25.07 25.41 25.69 26.2 26.69 27.08 27.53 28.14 29.49 30.4 30.86 31.38 31.96 33.97 34.34 35.32 C4 8.5 9.02 9.94 12.53 13.12 14.03 14.93 15.87 16.81 17.29 17.79 18.74 19.62 20.21 20.65 21.55 22.03 22.5 23.3 23.85 24.36 25.23 25.91 26.44 26.86 27.4 27.82 28.29 28.87 30.09 31 32.37 33.06 34.24 34.99 36.21 36.52 37.26 37.92 38.35 39.2 C5 7.83 8.78 10.12 11.11 12.59 12.83 13.48 14.29 14.94 15.19 15.74 16.53 16.99 17.58 18.1 18.39 18.75 19.1 19.78 20.36 20.98 21.7 22.12 22.46 22.88 23.26 23.73 23.99 24.25 24.92 25.33 25.85 26.18 26.7 27.14 27.73 28.3 28.59 28.86 29.49 30.5 30.79 C6 7.77 8.81 10.13 12.55 12.78 13.37 14.26 14.78 15.14 15.6 16.43 16.97 17.57 18.09 18.42 18.81 19.52 20.38 20.96 21.46 21.91 22.23 22.82 23.42 23.94 24.91 25.31 25.68 25.95 26.45 26.69 27.04 27.42 27.97 28.19 28.59 29.36 30.27 30.82 31.33 31.68 32.75 C7 7.75 8.57 10.08 11.03 12.51 12.8 13.39 14.01 14.78 15.58 16.4 16.93 17.37 17.9 18.62 19 19.67 20.31 20.75 21.55 22.04 22.64 23.51 23.97 24.4 25.19 25.78 26.05 26.61 26.98 27.61 28.09 28.47 29.26 29.58 30.25 30.76 31.4 32.01 32.36 33.27 33.64 C8 7.92 8.84 9.4 10.09 12.54 12.84 13.47 14.29 14.9 15.13 15.75 15.91 16.16 16.72 16.91 17.13 17.56 18.02 18.2 18.44 18.93 19.15 19.8 20.28 20.9 21.12 21.68 22.24 22.46 23.12 23.41 23.95 24.52 24.9 25.27 25.69 26.09 26.31 26.76 27.34 28 28.32 C8b 7.19 7.63 8.16 9.22 10.14 10.73 11.66 12.12 12.78 13.58 14.00 14.59 15.14 15.86 16.40 17.22 17.54 18.14 18.94 19.95 20.45 21.00 21.24 21.65 22.13 22.45 23.17 23.56 23.90 24.55 25.25 25.74 26.74 27.61 28.49 29.09 29.74 30.30 31.00 32.11 32.63 33.14 C9 8.2 8.76 9.33 10.25 10.99 11.73 12.24 12.92 14.04 14.72 15.33 15.92 16.46 17.69 18.42 19.31 19.79 20.5 21.42 22.18 22.54 23.34 23.69 24.02 24.73 25.47 25.78 26.69 27.44 27.98 28.62 29.38 29.76 30.16 30.44 31.29 32.02 32.73 33.78 34.37 34.98 36.01 C9p 7.24 8.16 8.69 9.25 10.21 10.74 11.73 12.22 12.87 13.66 14.12 14.70 15.25 15.88 16.34 17.40 17.72 18.29 19.10 19.69 20.07 20.47 21.04 21.42 21.71 22.16 22.53 22.86 23.40 23.69 23.91 24.71 25.37 25.75 26.68 27.01 27.57 28.31 28.67 28.85 29.32 29.71 30.43 31.27 32.19 32.72 33.42 33.73 34.25 35.06 36.02 36.52 37.48 38.04 38.77 39.48

In another aspect, the present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions including one or more of the novel crystalline forms of cabazitaxel as well as one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients aid the administration of the solid forms to a subject and can promote absorption of the active agent by a subject. Pharmaceutical excipients useful in the present invention include, but are not limited to, binders, fillers, disintegrants, lubricants, coatings, sweeteners, flavors and colors. One of skill in the art will recognize that other pharmaceutical excipients are useful in the present invention.

EXAMPLES

The following examples are provided to further illustrate, but not to limit this invention.

Example 1

Preparation of Cabazitaxel Crystalline Form C1

Cabazitaxel (0.1 g) was dissolved in 0.6 mL of IPA, and an additional 0.4 mL of water were added with heating. The solution was cooled slowly to room temperature. The mixture was filtered and the collected solids were dried in vacuo at 20 to 30 ° C. for 3-4 days to give cabazitaxel Form C1 as a white solid (melting point: 153.8-161.9° C.).

Example 2

Preparation of Cabazitaxel Crystalline Form C2

A slurry of cabazitaxel (0.1 g) and 1 mL of EtOAc was heated at 70 to 80° C. for about 2 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and stirred for 2 days. The mixture was filtered and the collected solids were dried in a vacuum oven to give cabazitaxel Form C2 (melting point: 156.5-160.0° C.).

Example 3

Preparation of Cabazitaxel Crystalline Form C2

Cabazitaxel Form C2 was also prepared by recrystallisation from EtOAc and n-heptane at room temperature. A solution of cabazitaxel (0.1 g), in EtOAc (3 mL) was prepared with heating. n-Heptane (6 mL) was added to precipitate the product. The mixture was filtered and the resulting solids were dried under vacuum oven to give a white solid of cabazitaxel Form C2.

Example 4

Preparation of Cabazitaxel Crystalline Form C3

A hot solution of cabazitaxel (0.1 g) in 0.4 mL of THF and 0.6 mL of n-heptane was slowly cooled to room temperature. The mixture was filtered and the resulting solids were dried in a vacuum oven to give cabazitaxel Form C3 as a white solid (melting point: 158.9-165.4° C.).

Example 5

Preparation of Cabazitaxel Crystalline Form C4

A slurry of cabazitaxel (0.1 g) and 1 mL of toluene was heated at 70 to 80° C. for about 2 hours and then cooled to room temperature and stirred for 2 days. The mixture was filtered and the resulting solids were dried in a vacuum oven to give cabazitaxel Form C4 as a white solid (melting point: 152.7-168.9° C.). The cabazitaxel Form C4 was also prepared by recrystallisation of cabazitaxel (0.1 g) from 0.4 mL of THF and 1.2 mL of toluene at room temperature.

Example 6

Preparation of Cabazitaxel Crystalline Form C5

A hot solution of cabazitaxel (0.1 g) in 0.8 mL of methyl ethyl ketone and 0.8 mL of n-heptane was slowly cooled to room temperature. The mixture was filtered and the resulting solids were dried in a vacuum oven to give cabazitaxel Form C5 as a white solid (melting point: 159.0-173.5° C.).

Example 7

Preparation of Cabazitaxel Crystalline Form C6

A hot solution of cabazitaxel (0.1 g) in 1 mL of diethyl ketone and 0.7 mL of n-heptane was slowly cooled to room temperature. The mixture was filtered and the resulting solids were dried in a vacuum oven to give cabazitaxel Form C6 as a white solid (melting point: 153.2-164.2° C.).

Example 8

Preparation of Cabazitaxel Crystalline Form C7

A hot solution of cabazitaxel (0.1 g) in 0.8 mL of diethyl carbonate and 0.5 mL of n-heptane was slowly cooled to room temperature. The mixture was filtered and the resulting solids were dried in a vacuum oven to give cabazitaxel Form C7 as a white solid (melting point: 161.2-180° C.).

Example 9

Preparation of Cabazitaxel Crystalline Form C8

A hot solution of cabazitaxel (0.1 g) in 1.5 mL of DMSO and 0.5 mL of H₂O was slowly cooled to room temperature. The mixture was filtered and the resulting solids were dried in a vacuum oven to give cabazitaxel Form C8 as a white solid (melting point: 168.5-174.2° C.).

Example 10

Preparation of Cabazitaxel Crystalline Form C9

A hot solution of cabazitaxel (0.1 g) in 1 mL of AcOH and 0.5 mL of H₂O was slowly cooled to room temperature. The mixture was filtered and the resulting solids were dried in a vacuum oven to give cabazitaxel Form C9 as a white solid (melting point: 152.5-159.3° C.). Form C9 showed a 5% weight loss at 170° C. by TGA analysis and an endotherm at 157° C. was seen in the DSC trace, corresponding with the melting point of between 153 and 159° C. DVS analysis showed a non-perfectly reversible (over 2 cycles tested) weight loss and gain upon changing humidity. This was consistent with a loss of AcOH upon dehumification, which was confirmed by ¹H NMR spectroscopic analysis after the DVS test. KF analysis of Form C9 showed about 2.3% water.

Example 11

Preparation of Cabazitaxel Crystalline Form C8b

A hot solution of cabazitaxel (5.5 g, 6.6 mmol) in 45 mL of DMSO and 18 mL of H₂O was slowly cooled to between 20 to 25° C. The mixture was filtered and washed with H₂O. The resulting solids were dried under vacuum (60-200 torr) at 20 to 25° C. with a nitrogen gas purge to give cabazitaxel Form C8b as a white solid (5.3 g, 6.3 mmol; melting point: 125.2-144.8° C.).

Example 12

Preparation of Cabazitaxel Crystalline Form C9p

A hot solution of cabazitaxel (6.2 g, 7.4 mmol) in 50 mL of AcOH and 42 mL of H₂O was slowly cooled to between 20 and 25° C. The mixture was filtered and washed with H₂O. The resulting solids were dried under vacuum (60 to 200 torr) at 20-25° C. with a nitrogen gas purge until the weight of filter cake became constant. The level of AcOH was about 1 molar equivalent with respect to cabazitaxel. Cabazitaxel Form C9p was obtained as a white solid (5.3 g, 6.3 mmol; melting point: 144-154.8° C.).

Example 13

Preparation of Cabazitaxel Crystalline Form C9p

Anhydrous cabazitaxel (76.5 mg, 0.09 mmol) was placed in a sintered glass Buchner funnel. Acetic acid vapor was produced by streaming nitrogen gas through a reservoir of acetic acid, and the vapor was passed through the narrow end of the Buchner funnel so that it flowed though the cabazitaxel sample. The solid cabazitaxel was exposed to the acetic acid vapor at about 25° C. for 17 hours. The material was then purged with nitrogen gas for about 30 minutes at about 25° C., providing Form C9p as a white solid (49 g, 0.06 mmol).

Example 14

Preparation of Cabazitaxel Crystalline Form C9p

Cabazitaxel Form C2 (200 mg, 0.24 mmol) was exposed to acetic acid vapour as described in Example 14 for 22 hours. The solid material was then purged with nitrogen gas for about 30 minutes at about 25° C., providing Form C9p as a white solid (162 mg, 0.2 mmol).

Although the foregoing invention has been described in some detail by way of illustration and example for purposes of clarity of understanding, one of skill in the art will appreciate that certain changes and modifications may be practiced within the scope of the appended claims. In addition, each reference provided herein is incorporated by reference in its entirety to the same extent as if each reference was individually incorporated by reference. Where a conflict exists between the instant application and a reference provided herein, the instant application shall dominate. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A crystalline form of cabazitaxel selected from the dimethyl sulfoxide solvate or the acetic acid solvate, wherein said crystalline form is substantially free of other crystalline forms; and the dimethyl sulfoxide solvate is characterized by an XRPD pattern that comprises peaks at 7.97, 8.8, and 9.4 (±0.1 degrees 2θ); and the acetic acid solvate is characterized by an XRPD pattern that comprises peaks at 7.2, 8.2, 8.7, and 9.3 (±0.1 degrees 2θ).
 2. A crystalline form of cabazitaxel according to claim 1, selected from the dimethyl sulfoxide solvate and characterized by a melting point of 168.5-174.2° C.
 3. A crystalline form of cabazitaxel according to claim 1, selected from the acetic acid solvate and characterized by a melting point of 144-154.8° C.
 4. A crystalline form of cabazitaxel according to claim 1, selected from the acetic acid solvate and comprising water and acetic acid.
 5. A crystalline form of cabazitaxel according to claim 4, comprising about 2% water by weight.
 6. A crystalline form of cabazitaxel according to claim 1, selected from the dimethyl sulfoxide solvate and characterized by DSC endotherms at 163° C. and 174° C.
 7. A crystalline form of cabazitaxel according to claim 1, selected from the acetic acid solvate and characterized by DSC endotherms at 77° C. and 147° C.
 8. A crystalline form of cabazitaxel according to claim 1, selected from the dimethyl sulfoxide solvate and characterized by a TGA mass loss on drying of 4.4% at 180° C.
 9. A crystalline form of cabazitaxel according to claim 1, selected from the dimethyl sulfoxide solvate.
 10. A crystalline form of cabazitaxel according to claim 1, selected from the acetic acid solvate and characterized by a TGA mass loss on drying of 8.0% at 160° C.
 11. A crystalline form of cabazitaxel according to claim 1, selected from the acetic acid solvate.
 12. A crystalline form of cabazitaxel according to claim 11, wherein said form comprises about 1 molar equivalent of acetic acid with respect to cabazitaxel.
 13. A composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and a crystalline form of cabazitaxel according to claim
 1. 14. A process for preparing the crystalline acetic acid solvate of cabazitaxel of claim 1, the process comprising: a) slowly cooling a solution comprising cabazitaxel, acetic acid, and H₂O to form a mixture comprising a solid material; b) filtering the mixture resulting from step a) and washing the isolated solid; and c) drying the isolated and washed solid resulting from step b) under vacuum with a nitrogen gas purge.
 15. The process according to claim 14, wherein the drying step c) is conducted at a pressure of from about 60 to about 200 torr.
 16. A process according to claim 14, wherein the cabazitaxel used in step a) is an anhydrous crystalline form, a crystalline solvate form, or an amorphous form.
 17. A process according to claim 14, wherein the crystalline acetic acid solvate of cabazitaxel comprises about 1 molar equivalent of acetic acid with respect to cabazitaxel.
 18. A process for preparing the crystalline acetic acid solvate of cabazitaxel of claim 1, the process comprising: a) subjecting cabazitaxel to acetic acid vapour ; b) purging the resulting acetic acid solvate with a stream of nitrogen gas. 